*** EDoM measurement campaign: turbulence measured at SB_KNO and SB_EMD

Authors: Taylor Bailey, Lauren Ross, Volker Mohrloz, Bas van Maren


*** GENERAL INFORMATION ***
Turbulence observations collected during the Ems Dollard Measurements (EDoM) Campaign in 2018 and 2019. This subset contains the following datasets:
- EDOM_MSS_timeseries.nc ==> turbulence data measured August 2018 at SB_KNO
- Emden_MicroCTD_UMaine_2018.nc ==> turbulence data measured August 2018 at SB_EMD
- Emden_MicroCTD_UMaine_2018.nc ==> turbulence data measured January 2019 at SB_EMD



*** DATA SPECIFIC INFORMATION SB_EMD ***

Data collected with a Rockland Scientific MicroCTD operated by the University of Maine on a small vessel at the stationary boat position Emden (SB_EMD). 
Data were collected in a series of vertical casts (from the surface to near-bottom), with approximately 5 casts performed every 15 minutes. The average of the 5 casts provides a statistically significant measurement for each data parameter.

*Contact info: For questions regarding this dataset, please contact Taylor Bailey, taylor.l.bailey@maine.edu or Dr. Lauren Ross, lauren.ross1@maine.edu.

Preprocessing of the data was performed using the ODAS MATLAB Library provided by Rockland Scienfitic for the processing of MicroCTD data.
The data in these files has been processed for use in a draft manuscipt titled "Implications of Sediment-Induced Stratification in a Meso-Macrotidal Estuary".
Erroneous data and spikes have been omitted, some by visual inspection of the data. 

There are two netCDF files in this dataset. 
The first 'Emden_MicroCTD_UMaine_2018.nc' contains the data collected during the August 28, 2018, sampling. 
The second 'Emden_MicroCTD_UMaine_2019.nc' contains the data collected during the January 24, 2019, sampling. 

The following data variables are included in netCDF files Emden_MicroCTD_UMaine_2018.nc and Emden_MicroCTD_UMaine_2019.nc. Variables with the prefix mean_ indicate that the mean of the measurements from the 5 casts has already been taken. 
Unless otherwise specified, variables were measured by the slow sensors on the MicroCTD (sampling frequency of 64 Hz). See Douglas et al. 2018 for more details.

Variable Name: num_p
Description: The number of casts taken at time of sample.
Units: N/A
Processing notes: 
The number of casts that were used in the mean of each measurement in production of the variables with prefix mean_.

Variable Name: time
Description: Time of casts as measured with depth.
Units: By column: year, month, day, hour, minute, seconds.
Processing notes: 
Columns 1 through 6 are year, month, day, hour, minute, seconds, respectively. The third dimension is the cast number.

Variable Name: mean_time
Description: The mean time of the casts within the sample interval.
Units: By column: year, month, day, hour, minute, seconds.
Processing notes: 
Averaged over num_p for the sample interval. Columns 1 through 6 are year, month, day, hour, minute, seconds, respectively. The third dimension is the number of the meaned set of casts.

Variable Name: depth
Description: Depth of measurement.
Units: m
Processing notes:
Depth quantified from pressure using the Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater - 2010 (TEOS-10) subroutines within the Gibbs-SeaWater (GSW) Oceanographic Toolbox (McDougall and Barker, 2011).

Variable Name: mean_depth
Description: The mean measurement depth of the casts within the sample interval.
Units: m
Processing notes:
Averaged over num_p for the sample interval.

Variable Name: mean_epsilon
Description: Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE) Dissipation (epsilon). 
Units: W/kg
Processing notes: 
Two shear probes on the MicroCTD collect measurements of velocity shear during each cast which are used to estimate epsilon via theoretical fit to a Naysmtyh spectrum (Douglas et al. 2018; Lueck 2013). 
The measurements of epsilon measured by each probe at each depth were compared. The larger of two measurements which varied by a factor greater than 2 was removed (Stips, 2005).  
The measurements collected by each probe during the 5 casts were then resampled 6,000 times by bootstrapping to reduce the width of the confidence interval (Efron & Gong, 1983; Ross et al. 2019 and references therein). 
A single estimate of epsilon was obtained by averaging together the 6,000 samples. This results in a single average measurement of epsilon at each depth for each sampling time.

Variable Name: salt
Description: Salinity 
Units: Practical Salinity Units (PSU)
Processing notes: 
Salinity quantified from temperature and conductivity as measured by the JAC_CT sensor using the ODAS functions (see Douglas et al. 2018 for more details).

Variable Name: mean_salt
Description: The mean salinity of the casts within the sample interval.
Units: Practical Salinity Units (PSU)
Processing notes:
Averaged over num_p for the sample interval.

Variable Name: density 
Description: Density
Units: kg/m^3
Processing notes: 
Density calculated from salinity, temperature and pressure using the (TEOS-10) subroutines within the GSW Oceanographic Toolbox (McDougall and Barker, 2011).

Variable Name: mean_density 
Description: The mean density of the casts within the sample interval. 
Units: kg/m^3
Processing notes: 
Averaged over num_p for the sample interval.

Variable Name: temperature
Description: Water temperature
Units: degrees Celsius
Processing notes:

Variable Name: mean_temp
Description: The mean temperature of the casts within the sample interval.
Units: degrees Celsius
Processing notes:
Averaged over num_p for the sample interval.

Variable Name: turbidity
Description: Turbidity
Units: FTU
Processing notes:
Turbidity measured by the JAC backscatter sensor at the fast sampling rate (512 Hz) (see Douglas et al. 2018 for more details).

Variable Name: mean_turb
Description: The mean turbidity of the casts within the sample interval.
Units: NTU
Processing notes:
Averaged over num_p for the sample interval.

Variable Name: time_fast
Description: Time of casts as measured by fast sensors (512 Hz)
Units: By column: year, month, day, hour, minute, seconds
Processing notes: 
Time of casts as measured by fast sensors (512 Hz), which are averaged over the interval of each of the dissipation estimates (see Douglas et al. 2018 for more details). 
Rows are time as recorded with depth. 
Columns 1 through 6 are year, month, day, hour, minute, seconds, respectively. 
The third dimension is the number of the meaned set of casts. 
Used to plot turbidity.

Variable Name: mean_time_fast
Description: The mean time_fast of the casts within the sample interval.
Units: By column: year, month, day, hour, minute, seconds
Processing notes: 
Averaged over num_p for the sample interval. 
The mean time of the casts within the sample interval as measured by fast sensors (512 Hz). 
Rows are time as recorded with depth. 
Columns 1 through 6 are year, month, day, hour, minute, seconds, respectively. 
The third dimension is the number of the meaned set of casts.
Used to plot mean_turb.

Variable Name: depth_fast
Description: Depth from the fast sensors (512 Hz)
Units: m
Processing notes:
Depth, quantified from pressure measured by the fast sensors (512 Hz) using the (TEOS-10) subroutines within the GSW Oceanographic Toolbox (McDougall and Barker, 2011).
Used to plot turbidity.

Variable Name: mean_depth_fast
Description: The mean depth_fast of the casts within the sample interval.
Units: m
Processing notes:
Averaged over num_p for the sample interval. 
Used to plot mean_turb.



References:

Douglas, W., Lueck, R., McMillan, J. (2018). ODAS MATLAB Library Technical Manual Version 4.3. Victoria, BC, CANADA, V8Z 1C1. Rockland Scientific International Inc. www.rocklandscientific.com

Efron, B., Gong, G. (1983). A leisurely look at the bootstrap, the jackknife and cross-validation. The American Statistician, 37, 36–48.

Lueck, R. (2013). Calculating the rate of dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy (Rockland Scientific 	Technical Note 028) Rockland Scientific, Inc., Victoria, BC, Canada.

McDougall, T.J. and P.M. Barker, (2011). Getting started with TEOS-10 and the Gibbs Seawater (GSW) Oceanographic Toolbox, 28pp., SCOR/IAPSO WG127, ISBN 978-0-646-55621-5.

Ross, L., Huguenard, K. D., Sottolichio, A. (2019). Intratidal and fortnightly variability of vertical mixing in a macrotidal estuary: The Gironde. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 124, 	
2641–2659. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014456

Stips, A. (2005). Dissipation measurement: Theory. In H. Z. Baumert, J. H. Simpson, & J. Sundermann (Eds.), Marine turbulence: Theories, observations and models (pp. 115–126). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.



*** DATA SPECIFIC INFORMATION SB_KNO ***

Turbulence data collected by Volker Mohrholz (volker.mohrholz@io-warnemuende.de) from Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemnde using instrument MSS38 IOW. 
Validated data shared under license = "CC-BY 4.0";

The following data variables are included in the netCDF file EDOM_MSS_timeseries.nc


Variable Name: pressure
      :units = "dbar";
      :point_spacing = "even";
      :positive = "down";
      :axis = "Z";
      :standard_name = "Pressure";

Variable Name: time
      :units = "days since 1800-01-01 00:00:00";
      :axis = "T";
      :calendar = "GREGORIAN";
      :time_origin = "01-Jan-1800";
      :standard_name = "Time";

Variable Name: latitude
      :units = "deg";
      :long_name = "Latitude";

Variable Name: longitude
      :units = "deg";
      :long_name = "Longitude";

Variable Name: temperature
      :units = "degC";
      :long_name = "Temperature";

Variable Name: conductivity
      :units = "mS/cm";
      :long_name = "Conductivity";

Variable Name: turbidity
      :units = "FTU";
      :long_name = "Optical backscatter";

Variable Name: UTC_time
      :units = "days";
      :long_name = "UTC Time";

Variable Name: profile_time
      :units = "s";
      :long_name = "Elapsed time since profile start";

Variable Name: vertical_velocity
      :units = "m/s";
      :long_name = "Vertical probe velocity";

Variable Name: pseudo_shear
      :units = "1/s";
      :long_name = "Pseudo shear";

Variable Name: pr_salinity
      :units = "psu";
      :long_name = "Practical salinity";

Variable Name: abs_salinity
      :units = "g/kg";
      :long_name = "Absolute salinity";

Variable Name: pot_temp
      :units = "C";
      :long_name = "Potential temperature";

Variable Name: cons_temp
      :units = "C";
      :long_name = "Conservative temperature";

Variable Name: sigma0
      :units = "kg/m^3";
      :long_name = "Potential density anomaly";

Variable Name: density
      :units = "kg/m^3";
      :long_name = "in-situ density";

Variable Name: N_squared
      :units = "1/s^2";
      :long_name = "Brunt-Visl-frequency squared";

Variable Name: TKE_diss
      :units = "log10(W/m^2)";
      :long_name = "TKE dissipation rate";

Variable Name: pseudo_diss
      :units = "log10(W/m^2)";
      :long_name = "Pseudo dissipation rate";

