*** Electrosurgical knife integrated with an optical tissue read-out system: optical fibers alteration***
Author: Sara Azizian Amiri 
Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, 
Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology

Corresponding author: Sara Azizian Amiri
s.azizianamiri@tudelft.nl

***General Introduction***
Lack of direct tissue feedback during breast cancer surgery (BCS) may result in incomplete tumor resections. 
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) is a promising technique which can be used as a real-time intraoperative margin assessment technique.
To provide the surgeon with intraoperative oncological guidance during BSC we integrate an electrosurgical knife with DRS system.   
However, when using an Electrosurgical Knife (ESK), debris formation and optical fiber alterations may influence tissue sensing. 
In this study, we investigated the effect of electrosurgery on the structure of the optical fibers. 

This data is made public to act as supplementary data for the following publication:
 https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.385621
"Intraoperative tumor margin assessment using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy: 
the effect of electrosurgery on tissue discrimination using ex vivo animal tissue models"

***Methodology***
With this aim, two optical fibers connected to a DRS system were placed inside metallic 
tubes and attached to a blade shape ESK electrode. 
To investigate the effect electrosurgery on the fibers, we used the knife to cut the porcine adipose and muscle tissue.
Then we observed the debris on the tip of optical fibers using optical microscopy, SEM and EDX. 
Electrosurgey setting: 
60 W, Blend mode, 5 or 30 Second.

****Description of the data in this data set***
The electrosurgical knife integrated with DRS-Setup: 
*Figure* Electrosurgical knife integrated with DRS.jpg

Optical microscopy of a clean optical fiber showing the 3 layers:
*Figures* Fiber Clean1.jpg, Fiber Clean2.jpg, Fiber Clean3.jpg

Optical microscopy of used optical fibers showing 2 layers, (the outer layer vanishes after electrosurgery):
*Figures* Fiber-Adipose 1.tif,  Fiber-Adipose 2.tif, Fiber-Muscle1.tif, Fiber-Muscle2.tif

Optical microscopy of used optical fiber- tip and side view: 
*Figures* Fiber side view. JPG

SEM of optical fibers: 
*Figures* SEM-Clean fiber 200x.tif 

SEM of used optical fibers showing 2 layers, (the outer layer vanishes after electrosurgery):
*Figures* SEM1- x220.tif, SEM2- x500.tif, SEM3-x220.tif, SEM4 x500 edge 1.tif, SEM5-x500 edge 2.tif, SEM6- x220.tif, SEM7-x500 edge 2.tif

EDX of clean optical fiber: 
*Figures* EDX-Clean Fiber.jpg

EDX of optical fiber used to cut porcine adipose and muscle tissue for 5 seconds: 
*Figures* EDX-Fiber-Adipose and Muscle-5s.jpg

EDX of optical fiber used to cut porcine adipose and muscle tissue for 30 seconds:
*Figures* EDX-Fiber-Adipose and Muscle-30s.jpg

EDX of all fibers together: 
*Figures* EDX-Fiber-Clean, Adipose and Muscle.jpg

 





