Title of the dataset:
Data from: 'Effects of reduced tillage on (cash) crop yields, soil quality and other ecosystem services - Results from 2009 till 2022 of the long term experiment BASIS, the Netherlands' 

Creators:
- Maria-Franca Dekkers
- Martine Trip
- Derk van Balen
- Kris Huizinga
- Wiepie Haagsma
- Timo Sprangers
- Marie Wesselink
Wageningen Plant Research (Open Teelten | Field Crops), Wageningen University & Research
Post box 430, 8200 AK Lelystad
Visiting address: Edelhertweg 1, 8219 PH Lelystad, The Netherlands 
W: NL www.wur.nl/openteelten | EN www.wur.eu/fieldcrops


Related publications:
- Dekkers, Maria-Franca; Trip, Martine; Balen, Derk van; Huizinga, Kris; Haagsma, Wiepie; Sprangers, Timo; Wesselink, Marie. 2023. Effects of reduced tillage on (cash) crop yields, soil quality and other ecosystem services; Results from 2009 till 2022 of the long term experiment BASIS, the Netherlands. Wageningen Research, Rapport WPR-1033


Description:
This dataset has contributed to a large research on reduced tillage on (cash) crop yields, soil quality and other ecosystem services. The dataset contains 14-year-data on yield, yield quality, chemical and physical soil aspects of 5 fields (3 organic and 2 conventional fields) in 4 different tillage systems (PL=standard mouldboard ploughing, RT=reduced tillage without subsoiling, RTS=reduced willage with subsoiling, RT/SPL=reduced tillage with occasional shallow ploughing).  


Keywords:
reduced soil tillage
marketable yield
yield quality
root crops
small seeded crops
ecosystem services
physial soil quality   
chemical soil quality
bulk density
penetration resistance
organic matter


Spatial coverage:
The Netherlands; Lelystad.


Temporal coverage:
2009-2023


This dataset contains the following files:
Data_soil_chemical_BASIS.xlsx
Data_soil_physical_BASIS.xlsx
Data_yield_BASIS.xlsx


Explanation (and translation) of variables in 'Data_yield_BASIS.xlsx' (different crops have different variables):

## OBJECT IDENTIFICATION ##
Locatie = 			Location (always BASIS)
Perceel nummer = 		Field number 
Veld nummer = 			Plot number 
Subveld = 			Not relevant
Blok = 				Block/replicate: see methodology section report 2.1. in the related publication of Dekkers et al. (2023).
Herhaling = 			Same as 'Blok'
Productiewijze = 		Farming system (either conventional 'GA' or organic 'BIO')
Teeltstrategie = 		Not relevant
Grondbewerking originele naam =	Tillage system performed in that year
Grondbewerking uitgevoerd = 	Tillage system name from 2018 on in certain fields: see methodology section 2.2. in the related publication of Dekkers et al. (2023). 
Aanvoer compost/maaimeststof = 	Not relevant
Overige maatregel = 		Not relevant
Jaar = 				Year of cultivation
Gewas = 			Crop 
Teeltdoel = 			Purpose of cultivation (For example two types of crop 'Potato': one for seed potatoes, one for consumption)
Koolsoort = 			Type of cabbage, purpose of cultivation
Graansoort =			Type of cereal (spring/winter, barley/wheat)
Peensoort = 			Type of carrot ('B-peen' for direct consumption or 'C/D-peen' as industrial carrot)
Ras = 				Cultivar of crop
Datum zaaien/poten/planten = 	Sowing date
Datum oogst = 			Harvest date
Datum opbrengst bepaling = 	Yield determination date

## YIELD ##
Bruto > 0 mm =			Gross yield > 0 mm (kg/ha)	
Netto > 0 mm =			Net yield > 0 mm (kg/ha)
Bruto =				Gross yield (kg/ha)
Netto = 			Net yield (kg/ha)
Vers opbrengst = 		Gross yield (kg/ha) 
Opbrengst stro afgevoerd = 	Yield of straw (kg/ha) when not left on the field
Bruto > 0 g =			Gross yield > 0 g (kg/ha)	
Netto > 0 g =			Net yield > 0 g (kg/ha)
Snede nummer = 			Grass cut (1-4; 1 is the first of the season etc.)
Drogestof % =			Dry matter (%)
Drogestof kg = 			Dry matter (kg/ha)

## NET YIELD PER SIZE/WEIGHT CLASS ##
<28mm =				Yield (kg/ha) within size classification < 28 mm
28-35mm	=			Yield (kg/ha) within size classification 28-35 mm
35-45mm	=			Yield (kg/ha) within size classification 35-45 mm
45-50mm	=			Yield (kg/ha) within size classification 45-50 mm
50-55mm	=			Yield (kg/ha) within size classification 50-55 mm
55-60mm	=			Yield (kg/ha) within size classification 55-60 mm
50-60mm	=			Yield (kg/ha) within size classification 50-60 mm
>60mm =				Yield (kg/ha) within size classification > 60 mm
<40 mm =			Yield (kg/ha) within size classification < 40 mm
40-60mm = 			Yield (kg/ha) within size classification 40-60 mm
60-80mm =			Yield (kg/ha) within size classification 60-80 mm
>80mm = 			Yield (kg/ha) within size classification > 80 mm
A <50 g				Yield (kg/ha) within weight classification < 50 g
B 50-250 g			Yield (kg/ha) within weight classification 50-250 g
C 250-400 g			Yield (kg/ha) within weight classification 250-400 g
D > 400 g			Yield (kg/ha) within weight classification > 400 g

## PRODUCT TARE ##
Totaal =			Total tare weight (kg/ha) 
Afwijkend = 			Deviated tubers (kg/ha)
Rot = 				Rotten tubers (kg/ha)			
Vertakt (en krom) = 		Branched and curved (kg/ha)
Vraat = 			Mouse damage/infestation (kg/ha)
Zwart/grijs = 			Black and grey carrots (kg/ha)
Wortelvlieg = 			Dammage due to carrot fly (kg/ha)
Tricho+Pp =			Dammage due to trichoderma or pratylenchus penetrans (kg)
Grond = 			Soil tare weight (kg/ha)
Kop =				Product tare weight (kg/ha)

## PRODUCT QUALITY ##
Groeischeur/groen/KAI-Mc_f =	Not relevant quality aspects
kringerigheid/misvormd/OWG = 	Not relevant quality aspects
popperigheid/rhizoctonia = 	Not relevant quality aspects
(pok)schurft/schurft/vreterij =	Not relevant quality aspects
zetmeel/watervellen/kaal = 	Not relevant quality aspects
dikhals/groeischeur/dubbel = 	Not relevant quality aspects
scheurkont/vertakt/WAI_Mc_f =	Not relevant quality aspects			
TM-waarde = 			TM-value (hardness index measured with tenderometer)
Tarra = 			Product tare (% or kg/ha)
Vocht %	=			Moisture content (%)
HL = 				Hectolitre weight (kg/hl)
DKG = 				Thousand-grain-weight (g/1000 grains)
Volgerst aandeel = 		Grains larger than 2.5 mm (% of total)
Eiwit = 			Protein content (%)
Doorval = 			Grains smaller than 2.2 mm (% of total)
K = 				Potassium (mmol/kg)
Na = 				Natrium (mmol/kg)
AmN = 				Amino-N (mmol/kg)
Glu =				Glucose (mmol/kg)
WIN = 				Extractability index
Suiker gehalte = 		Sugar content (%)
VEM/VEVI/DVE/OEB/VOS/FOSp =	Grass-related variables - (irrelevant for BASIS
OEB 2 uur/FOSp 2 uur =		Grass-related variables - but when interested
structuurwaarde =		Grass-related variables - please contact one
verzadigingswaarde/Ruw as =	Grass-related variables - of the authors)
VCOS/Ruw eiwit/Ruw vet =	Grass-related variables - 
Ruwe celstof/Suiker = 		Grass-related variables - 
5-8 mm = 			Beans within size classification 5-8 mm (used for green beans)
Krom/te klein = 		Curved or undersized beans (kg/ha)
Loof =				Leaves (for yield samples in green beans whole plants are harvested therefore this variable and gross yield has a high value)


## MARKETABLE YIELD ##
28-55 mm = 			Yield (kg/ha) within size classification 28-55 mm
28-60 mm =			Yield (kg/ha) within size classification 28-60 mm (used for marketable yield of seed potatoes)
>30mm = 			Yield (kg/ha) within size classification > 30 mm
35-60mm = 			Yield (kg/ha) within size classification 35-60 mm (used for marketable yield of consumption potatoes)
zetmeelopbrengst = 		Starch yield (kg/ha)
40-80 mm = 			Yield (kg/ha) within size classification 40-80 mm
> 40 mm = 			Yield (kg/ha) within size classification > 40 mm (used for marketable yield of onions)
15% vocht =			Yield (kg/ha) converted to 15% moisture (used for marketable yield of onions)
Suiker opbrengst = 		Sugar yield (kg/ha) (used for marketable yield of sugar beets
bij TM-120 = 			Yield (kg/ha) converted to TM of 120 (used for marketable yield of green beans

## CROP STAND ##
plantdichtheid = 		Plant density (# plants/ha)
haldmdichtheid =		Culms density (# culms/ha)
hoogte = 			Height of the crop (cm)

Additional variables in the soil chemical data file:
* Variables that do not contain data and/or are not measured are not explained below
* Units are mentioned in data sheet

## SOIL FERTILITY ##
Datum monstername = 		Date of sampling
Startdiepte laag =		Depth of sampling layer	(upper)
Einddiepte laag = 		Depth of sampling layer (lower)
Analyse uitgevoerd door	= 	Analysis performed by
Datum bemonstering =		Date of analysis	
OS (NIRS) =			Organic matter (%; NIRS)	
OS (gloeiverlies) = 		Organic matter (%; loss-on-ignition)	
Potentiele N mineralisatie = 	Potentially mineralizable N
pH = 				pH
N-totaal = 			N-total
N-levering = 			N-supply
C/N ratio = 			C/N ratio
Advies Pw = 			Pw advised
P-PAE = 			P-PAE
P-Al = 				P-Al
K-beschikbaarheid = 		K-available
K-voorraad =			K-stock
K-getal = 			Potassium availability
CEC = 				CEC
CEC-bezetting =			CEC-retained
Ca-bezetting =			Ca-retained	
Mg-bezetting =			Mg-retained	
K-bezetting = 			K-retained	
Na-bezetting =			Na-retained
S-totaal = 			S-total
S-PAE =				S-PAE
SLV =				SLV
Mg (beschikbaarheid) =		Mg (availability)
Na (beschikbaarheid) =		Na (availability)
Koolzure kalk =			Calcium carbonate content
Ca-voorraad = 			Ca-stock
Ca-beschikbaar = 		Ca-available
B-plantbeschikbaarheid =	B-available
Lutum =				Clay (< 2 micrometer)
Silt = 				Silt (2-63 micrometer)
Zand = 				Sand (63 micrometer - 2 millimiter)
C-organisch =			Organic carbon
C-anorganisch = 		Inorganic carbon
C/OS ratio = 			C/OM ratio
Ctotaal =			Total carbon

## NMIN ##
Moment monstername = 		Moment of sampling (begin teelt = start cultivation, na oogst = after harvest, najaar = autumn, tijdens teelt = during cultivation, voorjaar = spring) 
Startdiepte laag =		Depth of sampling layer	(upper)
Einddiepte laag = 		Depth of sampling layer (lower)
Nmin = 				Mineral-N
Datum monstername = 		Date of sampling

Additional variables in the soil physical data file:
* Variables that do not contain data and/or are not measured are not explained below
* Units are mentioned in data sheet

## BULK DENSITY & MOISTURE ##
Bulk density drooggewicht =	Bulk density dry weight
Vochtpercentage = 		Moisture content

## GAD ##
Gem aggregaat diameter =	Average aggregate diameter
 
## AGGREGATE STABILITY ##
Aggregaatstabiliteit =		Aggregate stability

## PENETRATION RESISTANCE ##
0 cm etc. =			Penetration resistance at 0 cm


Explanation of characters:
* = 	Not relevant or not measured
0 = 	Measured but found to be zero


Methodology:
For sampling methods, yield definitions, experimental setup and analysis method, see related publication of Dekkers et al. (2023). 


This dataset is published under the CC BY (Attribution) license.
This license allows reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, so long as attribution is given to the creator.




















